https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160143 2026-04-04T14:57:43Z https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160175 Ice Loads on Structures in the Baltic Environment Steenfelt, Jørgen S. For offshore, nearshore and harbour structures ice loading is often a decisive ULS load. However, the Code requirements, the regulations and design practices vary considerably across the Baltic Sea region and beyond. This result in incommensurable values of the compressive strength of the ice and the resulting recommended/prescribed design loads. The paper examines these differences over time and in-between countries and elucidates the effects on the design for a number of case histories. The Danish rules show a pronounced trend of increasing values of compressive ice strength (five-fold from 1945 to 2015). Surprisingly, this is commensurate with the trend of less severe winters with time. In conclusion, the Danish code requirements need critical review to better match reality and to reduce the cost of foundation structures subject to ice loading. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160174 Usage of Wood Fly Ash in Stabilization of Unbound Pavement Layers and Soils Šķēls, Pēteris; Bondars, Kaspars; Plonis, Raitis; Haritonovs, Viktors; Paeglītis, Andris Modification and stabilization of road structure unbound layers has extensively been studied both at laboratory and field for decades. The most commonly used binders for soil modification and stabilization are cement and quicklime (CaO), but alternative pozzolans and their mixtures are of economical, technical and environmental interest. This study presents soil stabilization with wood fly ash (WFA) at laboratory. Natural sand (Sa), Sa mixtures with 10% and 20% WFA were compacted at optimal water content according to Standard Proctor test LVS EN 13286-2:2012, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tested according to LVS EN 13286-47:2012 for cured samples after 96 hours immersed in water with 2 kg surcharge and after 7 days sealed simultaneously. At the same time also Immediate bearing index was determined for natural soil and their mixture with 10% WFA. Results showed 3.79 times enhancement in CBR values Sa after 7 days curing, justifying that WFA is valuable material for hydraulically bound mixtures. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160173 Initial DPSH Soil Test Results with Accelerometer Installed in the Probe Cone Kelevišius, Kęstutis; Žaržojus, Gintaras Dynamic penetration test (DPSH) is one of the large amount of soil in-situ tests are known. In world practice, this method usually used for granular soil investigations although it could be applied in cohesive soils. Correlation of received DPSH test results with soil properties is complex and often not reliable. Especially it becomes obvious after application in cohesive soil analysis. In most cases, correlation depends on soil response to dynamic cone penetration and deformation of dynamic sounding equipment. Measurement of cone accelerations allows precisely evaluate loss of hammer energy, displacement of the cone during strike and other parameters. Correlation of DPSH (measured acceleration of the cone) and CPT test results are presented in this article. In this article also presented studies of possibilities to determine dynamic soil characteristics. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160172 Anisotropy of the Strength Properties of Clays of the North of Belarus Kremniou, Aliaksander; Vishniakov, Nikolai This paper describes the results of experimental investigations anisotropic clay at triaxial tests and uniaxial compression. A band clay of glacial origin has been selected for the study widespread in the north of Belarus. Clays have layered texture due to the conditions of formation. Tests were carried out at different angles to the plane of soil stratification. Test results show significant differences in the values of strength characteristics of soils. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z