https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/158592 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 13:23:43 GMT 2026-04-04T13:23:43Z https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160144 The Analysis of Bending Moment in Connecting Rod Caps for Internal Combustion Engines Tretjakovas, Jurijus; Juknelevičius, Romualdas The gas pressure force due to combustion and inertial force of moving parts acts on the lower connecting rod head cover. As the crankshaft rotates, the inertial force is always directed away from the center of the crankshaft. The component of the inertial force acting on the connecting rod head cover decreases as the piston approaches top dead center (TDC) and increases as the piston approaches bottom dead center (BDC), but maintains the load of the same sign. Thus, the cap is subjected to a pulsating cycle, constant sign load. The maximum load of the inertial force acting on the cover is generated at the BDC. When calculating the strength of the cap, it was considered that it is a curved beam with a bending load acting in the middle. The size of this load depends on the geometrical parameters of engine, gas pressure at the TDC, the speed of the crankshaft rotation and mass of the parts of cranktrain. Two spark ignition engines (SIE) and two compression ignition engines (CIE) researched with wide range of swept volume, engine speed and geometrical parameters. It was concluded that the bending moment caused by the distributed load in the curved circular beam is smaller than in the straight beam. Moreover, at the real engine the fixed with two bolts connecting rod cap is a statically intractable beam whose bending moment will further decrease. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160144 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160140 Information Provision in Bus Terminals. Riga Case Study Yasmine, Diane Aliou; Yatskiv, Irina The primary goal of this research was to assess the overall effectiveness of information visualization across passenger terminals, its contribution to making happy customers and to formulate recommendations aimed at enhancing service satisfaction regarding available information services for passengers. The comparison of four best practices investigated in this study revealed quite similar disparities in the level of information services currently offered. Given the variations among terminals in terms of population size, involved operators, and urban role, it is evident that customer satisfaction levels will also vary accordingly based on the proportion of available information services for travelers. The secondary goal of this study was to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of information provision at Riga International Coach Terminal. The focus was on assessing their visualization tools. Pilot survey was conducted for insights and to gain more information or feedback on the choice of information services used and their performance so far. Synthesize research findings and formulate actionable recommendations for enhancing customer satisfaction in information provision within bus and coach terminals. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160140 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160139 Lane Utilization Analysis of Drivers to Examine Safety on a Two-Lane Road with Horizontal Curve and Longitudinal Slope Aydın, Metin Mutlu; Genç, Zahid Enes; Kalkan, Hüseyin; Arslan, Recep Horizontal curves are one of the road sections with a high potential for accidents at high speeds. In such a section of road, vehicles may be subjected to high centrifugal forces due to the horizontal curve and the high vertical downhill slope. Thus, vehicles often tend to drift out of their lane. In this case, the lane utilisation level of drivers within the small radius curve can vary and the lane keeping level may become. Low lane keeping by vehicles leads to traffic accidents caused by vehicles colliding sideways. This study quantitatively investigates the lane selection and utilization behaviour of drivers where such a problem is observed. Software has been developed to determine the lateral wheel positions (right-left) and the gravity centre positions of the vehicles on the lanes where there is both a small horizontal curve with a small radius and a vertical downhill slope. A total of 279 (84.5%) vehicles were observed to have different levels of lane keeping discipline. In addition, a total of 51 (15.5%) vehicles had no lane keeping discipline. It was also found that cars and vans in light vehicle status use Lane-1 more often in order to be less exposed to the skidding effect in the horizontal curve. It has been observed that the lane keeping of many vehicles moves away from the ideal situation due to the centrifugal force effect caused by the horizontal curve, and as a result they continue their movements by using both lanes. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160139 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160138 BIM As-Built Workflow for Road Infrastructure Biancardo, Salvatore Antonio; Intignano, Mattia; Di Fonzo, Francesca; Abbondati, Francesco; Dell’Acqua, Gianluca In the context of managing the vast amount of data that pertains to processes in the AECO (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation) industry, technologically advanced methods such as Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Big Data run alongside Building Information Modeling (BIM), a methodological approach that is also booming in the transportation infrastructure sector. This expansion is driven by the increasing necessity for BIM in the design and management of smart cities which lies in the digitization of its urban fabric, encompassing both its architectural and infrastructural elements alongside its service provisions. Central to this paradigm is the utilization of BIM as a pivotal tool, facilitating the creation of cities that are not only intelligent and interconnected but also sustainable and fundamentally livable. This study aims to delineate a systematic workflow for the generation of a digital twin of road infrastructure utilizing the BIM-centric software, Open Roads Design, developed by Bentley Systems. In instances where the requisite design project documentation is absent, data acquisition is achieved through the utilization of survey drones. Additionally, to streamline management processes, a bespoke interoperable asset manager is proposed. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://etalpykla.vilniustech.lt/handle/123456789/160138 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z