Using Mosses As Bioindicator Of Air Polution With Heavy Metals In Experimental Investigation

Abstract

This master thesis analyzes the ability of mosses Pylaisia polyantha to use as a biomonitoring tool for heavy metals determination directly from the atmosphere. Studies were carried nearVingis park and Gležinis Vilkas street, samples of Pylaisia polyantha mosses were collected in three different seasons (spring, summer and autumn) at different distances from the street: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 500 meters. Samples of mosses were analyzed and the concentrations of five heavy metals were estimated: Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni. Investigation results showed high concentrations of heavy metals, especially in samples of mosses near the street. Moreover, HM concentration had a tendency to decrease with the distance from intensive traffic street. Accumulation order in Pylaisia polyantha were determined in this order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr, Ni. This work consists of seven main chapters: first chapter presents a literature review about environmental properties of most popular bioindicators (lichen, tree – bark and mosses), what makes them (especially mosses) to be suitable tool for biomonitoring; in second chapter – methodology of experimental part of this work (how to determine the specie of mosses, how to calculate the results and standard errors) is presented; third chapter presents all results and analysis from experimental investigation; mathematical modeling based on Gaussian plume is presented in fourth chapter. At the end of the work, conclusions, recommendations, references are presented Thesis consists of 103 p. text without appendixes, 5 tables and 49 figures, 131 bibliographical entries. Appendixes are included as well.

Šiame baigiamajame magistro darbe analizuojama galimybė oro taršos sunkiaisiais metalais tyrimuose naudoti samanas kaip bioindikatorių. Buvo surinkti samanų Pylaisia polyantha ėminiai šalia Vingio parko skirtingu atstumu nuo Geležinio Vilko gatvės (5, 15, 25, 35, 45 bei 500 m). Visi eksperimentiniai tyrimai buvo atlikti skirtingų sezonų metu (pavasarį, vasarą ir rudenį). Mėginiuose buvo analizuojami penki sunkieji metalai: Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni. Buvo nustatytas sunkiųjų metalų akumuliacijos samanose eiliškumas: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr, Ni. Eksperimentiniai rezultatai buvo palyginti su rezultatais gautais naudojant Gauso pasiskirstymo matematinį modelį. Darbą sudaro septyni skyriai: literatūros apžvalga, naudojamos metodologijos aprašymas, eksperimentinių rezultatų analizė, oro taršos matematinis modeliavimas. Darbo pabaigoje yra pateiktos išvados, rekomendacijos bei naudotos literatūros sąrašas. Baigiamojo magistro darbo sudėtis: 103 p. teksto be priedų, 5 lentelių, 49 paveikslų, 131 literatūros šaltinių. Darbo gale pateikti priedai.