Racionalus žemės darbų mechanizacijos priemonių parinkimas tiesiant kelius

Abstract

Complex mechanization of excavation and earth-moving work in road building is rather specific, and a rational choice of equipments is essential. The capacity of the machines and the interaction factor should be increased, and that will result in a greater average daily and yearly output. Then the consumption rate per unit of output and the number of machines used to perform a certain am ount of work are decreased. The structure of a complete set of machines must correspond to each particular case. The optimum number of machines is determined according to the work to be done, the term of its completion, the specific character and possibilities of the machines. A thorough analysis of many models of complex work management shows that the most correct evaluation criterion is the general expenditure on a certain amount of work in case every machine in the complete set is rationally operated. The expenditure on building 1 km of an embankment was colculated with regard to two factors - when using the available machines equipment with either conventional or special adaptive tools. It is obvious that by applying universal adaptive tools die expenditure is greatly decreased. The basic machines supplied with this kind of tools can perform a few operations et a pase, e.g. they can simultaneously level the ground, spread it evenly over the surface, scatter seed and furtilizers. The economic effect obtained due to the use of special adaptive tools is directly proportional to the hight of the embankment as the latter determines the width of the embankments and in turn the amount of soil processed.