Polimerai ir jų naudojimo apžvalga

Abstract

Straipsnyje apžvelgiamos populiariausių kompozitinių medžiagų – polimerų rūšys ir naudojimo perspektyvos. Dabartiniu metu vystantis pramonei ieškoma alternatyvų klasikinėms medžiagoms. Tai sąlygoja ir besikeičianti gamybos proceso dinamika kur reikalingos patvarios lengvos medžiagos, kurių naudojimas leistų spręsti daugybę inžinerinių įvairių sričių problemų, tokių kaip konstrukcijos lengvinimas ir patvarumas statyboje, mechanikos inžinerijoje ir transporte. Polimerai - kompozitinės medžiagos atitinkančios šiuolaikinius pramonės iššūkius. Svarbu yra apibrėžti jų naudojimo sritis, pateikti jų klasifikaciją, kad galima būtų jas tinkamai taikyti.

The changing business environment is forcing manufacturers to use the latest technology to create market-competitive products. This leads to the search for new technologies, production methods that would increase the productivity of the production process. One such approach is the use of new materials, which provides many of the advantages of a new product, such as structural lightness, strength, rigidity, and at the same time shape stability. Clearly, the pursuit of all properties at the same time is difficult to imagine because of the compatibility of different properties and at the same time because of the cost of materials. But this goal is widely realized in practice using composite materials in construction, mechanical engineering and transport. It is understood that the selection of composite materials is a complex and meticulous process that requires a large amount of specific knowledge. Therefore, an overview of the properties of polymers and the identification of their use allows to ensure the proper selection of materials and the rationality of their use in various mechanical systems. Polymers are macromolecular compounds that consist of monomers of the same or different groups of atoms that are repeated many times and between which covalent bonding forces act. The name of a polymer consists of two parts: the prefix of the names of the poly- and chain-structured chains Polymers are the main and most important part of plastics, or plastics. Knowledge about polymers is constantly increasing and is constantly updated. There is currently no area of human activity in the world that does not use polymers or their products. Polymers are made up of long, flexible, asymmetric, shape-altering macromolecules. Intermolecular interactions occur between molecules. Polymers are not homogeneous and may have both crystalline and amorphous domains. Dissolved polymers form true solutions. True ones are those that contain evenly distributed soluble atoms, molecules, or ions. The purpose of this article is to define the concept of polymers by identifying their main properties and to predict the limits of their possible use in the production process. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are formed: • Polymer classification overview. • Description of the main types of polymers • Overview of additives used to improve the properties of polymers • Summary of other composite polymeric materials.