Comparison analysis between pneumatic and airless tires by computational modelling for avoiding road traffic accidents

Abstract

With economic growth, automobiles have become an irreplaceable means of transportation and travel. The massive increasing of peoples traveling by personal vehicles lead to increase the annual million kilometres travelled by vehicles and numbers of registered vehicles. The current research in the first step include the detail review of the road traffic accidents (RTAs), basing on United Nations Economic Commission statistics (UNECE, 2021), with taking in account fatalities by world regions, the pandemic situation and problem connected with electric vehicle. In research is established that around half of RTAs was connected with a tire problems many of which are caused by punctured or blowout tires, especially is implement for electrical car, since their more loaded by own mass. Tires are important parts of automobiles, and their wear causes a large number of traffic accidents. The main causes of tires blowout are severe surface wear and abnormal tire pressure, which is most likely to occur in the case of high-speed driving or sudden braking. Therefore, predicting pneumatic tire life has become one of the key factors determining vehicle safety. In this research, the possibility of airless tire using for avoid a problem with a tire blowout and installation of complicate sensors under investigation. The airless tire is produced by a lattice structure of composite materials (rubber and offend fiberglass) and have a main advantage that doesn’t required an inflation air pressure (Jafferson and Sharma, 2021). The research is based on the numerical modelling using the Finite Element Method (FEM) proposed by (Bogdevičius et al., 2021) like alternative to experimental testing, since its time and economical values are more effective for a research connecting with a tire behaviour. The approach presented in this research of the numerical simulation sequence enables the engineer to determine efficiently dynamic properties and behaviour of vehicle airless tire at design stage. The present research numerical FEM modelling and comparing analysis between pneumatic (with different inflation pressure) and airless tire behaviour characteristics. According to numerical simulation results and comparing analysis between pneumatic and airless tire behaviour characteristics was established that airless tire provide more safety using of a vehicle in order to avoid a tire puncture and blowout, flat tire problem and avoid complicate sensors installation. In the future, research will be held in simulation of airless tires contacts with the road surfaces under loads conditions.