Computer modeling of the characteristics and magnetic field of single - phase commutator motor

Abstract

The article presents some calculation results of dynamic characteristics of the single – phase series – excited commutator motors and magnetic field analysis. Single – phase commutator motors in up – to – date literature are called universal motors, because they can be used in both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) systems. The single – phase AC small power commutator motors are widely used in different vacuum cleaners, electric tools, drives of household, electrical, medical and hygienic equipments and portable electrical hand tools. However, the principal defect of those motors is worse commutation with sparkling between brushes and the collector, and high enough level of radio interferences on wide frequency range. In this article obtained expressions compounds the mathematical model of the single – phase series – excited commutator motor. The model of the dynamic processes of the motor and its block diagram are compiled according to the differential equations which were derived from the equations of voltage balance. The software of Matlab/Simulink is applied here which has integrated the methods of the solution of differential equations for the motor. For modeling the magnetic field of a AC series – excited commutator motor there was used the software JMAG. The program is complied by means of finite elements, by attaching on the computer separate geometric figures their titles and character- ristics. Since the magnetic field in the air gap between the salient poles and armature is not homogeneous, so the density of the grid has to be the highest. The obtained results of modeling describe a very complicated structure of a magnetic field of a commutator motor for the analysis of which are required new and comparatively accurate mathematical models.