Automobilio judėjimo parametrų nustatymas esant pertekliniam ir daliniam ratų atstabdymui

Abstract

When investigating a car accident and defining its causes you often need to reconstruct the "mechanism" of the accident - the traffic participants’ (cars, pedestrians, cyclists and others) position on the road with respect to one another at different stages of the accident, i.e. at different periods of time, starting from the appearance of a dangerous situation till the accident end which is fixed in the record scheme of the accident place. This also includes determination of the succession of the drivers’ actions, damaging of the cars and peoples’ injuries. In addition, it includes definition of the vehicle position on the road before the accident. Having analysed the nature of damage, all the acting forces and moments that change the direction of movement, it is possible to restore the initial car position, and, what is most important, the place of an accident on the road. Precise determination of a car accident "mechanism" often allows to discover the main cause of an accident. Although every accident is a unique phenomenon and happens under different circumstances, analysis of many accidents shows that they have some similar features. All this allows to distinguish typical fragments of an accident and to find methodologies for their investigation. For a final investigation of an accident (for its technical examination), it is sometimes necessary to use a whole complex of methodologies. This article presents a methodology of car accident analysis when in the place of an accident it is possible (o see a car wheel track with some intermissions, when a track consists of three or more fragments, and the intervals between separate slopping track fragments are smaller than Slim in one case, and larger than Slim in another case(Slim - a limiting interval which is covered by a car moving at a certain speed during a certain period of time, i.e. the time between the unbraking of the wheels and their braking once again to a settled acceleration). The presented methodology should be used in experimental practice, when doing technical examination of car movement parameters at different moments of an accident and evaluating drivers’ actions.