Įvairovės ir originalumo aspektai aplinkos estetiniame formavime

Abstract

Local environment is one of the main factors in causing positive or negative human emotions. The most famous founders of aesthetic theories try to find out the role of the egzisting local natural resources in forming the human senses. Individual emotional characteristic depends on different traditions, the level of cultural and intelectual development of a local community. There are two ways of territory evaluation: historic (the political and economic system, technical and scientific prosperity, philosophical and aesthetic theories) and geographic (local nature, biological variety, the culture and traditions of a nation). The sum of all these components forms an experience in transformating territories under new circumstances leading to originality which is a new form of variety. The concept of beauty could be analyzed in three aspects: variety, originality and traditionalizm. While the source of the first aspect is in the nature and it is reflected in all fields of art, the last aspect of traditionalizm always exists in architecture, but it is often forgotten or ignored nowadays in the practise of landscape shaping. The English park is an example of the history of international landscape architecture, the composition of which gave a chance for different countries to put their traditions as the main factor of the park composition idea. In such a park the difference is not the architectural objects and technical engineering, but the type of planning, the size and the shape of spaces and their location. But the main compositional idea was the same-the dominant role of the nature, creation of a pictorial view. But the style of the English garden appeared and existed in the nineteenth century. Is it possible to talk about an existence of the originality and traditionalizm today? The architectural work of American Landscape architects answer this question. An exposition of big and open spaces in the Central and Prospect parks creates an impression of human freedom and its power, and reflects the symbol of democracy. The Prairie School architects used in their works additional components of the local nature and historic traditions. Including historic and cultural heritage into the program of transforming the space, they have formed original and comfortable environment for the inhabitans. Nowadays territories are devided into parts following an evaluation of their natural resources. It becomes one of the most important factors giving different status to territories and helping to find a perspective of functional development and setting the limits for cultural activity of the society in a local space, what is the basis of a program in creating new territories or reconstructing destroyed ones.