| dc.description.abstract | Investigations of heat consumption level in medical institutions, its influence on premises microclimate as well as energy saving possibilities are carried out in this work. Medical institutions and those of secondary education embrace almost half of the area of all public and administrative buildings. The general area of medical institutions in our country totals about 2,6 min. square metres. Heat (fuel) demands for heating and ventilation total about 0,92 TWh in these institutions. An estimation of the existing norms and recommendations, depending on construction period and specific design solutions, enables to expect from 150 to 220 W/m2. arranged thermal power. With the generalised data of 43 health care institutions, it is determined that average arranged thermal power is 186W/ m2. Distribution of this index according to the area is different and fluctuates from 90 to 300W/m2 exceeding significances. Design power among heating, ventilation and hot water preparation systems in the above mentioned medical institutions is distributed at an average of 0,35:0,35:0,30. Estimating the variety of design solutions, construction period relative annual energy consumption can fluctuate from 270 to 345 kWh/'m2. In establishing an actual energy consumption in medical institutions, not only the data of dersign solutions have been used, and energy consumption indices of medical institutions have been analysed during two years. An average index obtained for a standard year was 224kWh/m2. Having eliminated the influence of climate and having made comparisons with energy consumption in medical institutions of France, the obtained index in Lithuania is about 20 percent lower. It is found that in the case when medical institutions work at normal design capacity, i.e. a normal temperature (20°C or some other according to the standards) is maintained in premises during heating season, the necessary fresh air exchange is ensured, normal hot water requirements are satisfied, average heat consumption should be estimated as the significance of 305kWh/2. This confirms indirectly, that our microclimat maintaining systems, estimating their undoubtedly lower technical efficiency, work only at 70 - 80 percent of their full capacity, needed for maintaining standard microclimate parameters in premises. On the basis of the data obtained, it is possible to affirm that it is hardly possible to reduce energy consumption in medical institutions, while in special cases even an increase in energy consumption is expected. All economically accept-able saving means, efficiency of which can be estimated up to 30 percent of the accepted design solutions, would enable to restore the demanded microclimatic conditions in medical institutions. General energy consumption level should not change in this case. Summarizing the data of the above mentioned medical institutions, it is possible to affirm that only about 15 - 20 percent of designed and installed ventilation systems work in them, mainly in operating - rooms and food preparation blocks. Other ventilation systems do no work because of their bad technical condition and the desire to reduce expenditures for energy. Energy consumption audits in two Vilnius hospitals testify to such a situation. Unfortunately, ventilation besides other microclimatic conditions, greatly influences the work in medical institutions. Its bad state hinders the recovery process, raises spreading of nosocomials (existing within medical institutions) infections. In the article attention is paid to the fact, that in searching energy saving reserves in medical institutions, it is primarily necessary to achieve an insurance of normal climatic conditions, especially taking into account the efficiency of ventilation systems. In order to make reliable technical decisions of energy saving means in medical institutions, it is necessary to carry out complex energy consumption audits, in special cases supplementing them by microbiological air analysis in the premises. In order to reduce expenditures for this work technical services of medical institutions are to improve building technical documentation state, to accumulate technical and economic information about the consumption of energy and natural resources not less than in a month’s period. | eng |
