Topografinių planų sudarymui taikomų reljefo modeliavimo metodų analizė

Abstract

Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamas reljefo modeliavimo metodų pritaikymas greitai besikeičiančių urbanizuotų teritorijų skaitmeniniams topografiniams planams remiantis geodeziniais matavimais bei GIS technologijomis. Tyrimui pasirinkta 99296 m2, arba 9,9296 ha, teritorija Vilniaus mieste, Antakalnio seniūnijoje, Šilėnų gatvėje. Geodeziniai matavimai atlikti GPS prietaisu Trimble 5800 2006 m. pabaigoje – 2007 m. pradžioje. Išmatuoti 568 aukščių taškai tyrime panaudoti skaitmeninio reljefo šioje teritorijoje modeliavimui. Teritorija modeliuojama trimis metodais – Krigingo, Splaino, Svorio. Atsižvelgiant į reljefo sudėtingumą, analizuojamas kiekvieno metodo tinkamumas atvaizduoti tam tikros vietovės būklę. Modeliavimui naudojamų metodų tinkamumas, sudarant topografinius reljefo planus, vertintas pagal kiekvieno iš atliktų tyrimų rezultatų standartinio nuokrypio įverčio tikslumą.

At present when the construction of individual houses, living quarters, industrial and trade objects grows in intensity, actual work is arrangement of topographic plans digitalizing and updating the topographic-engineer database of the Vilnius city, because topo- graphic plans are necessary to begin design works. The topographic plans cannot be older than one year. By urbanistic and engineer development tasks, material of large-scale topographic plans is conventionally divided into two groups: topographic and engineer communications. The first chapter – Introduction – shows the significance of the study problems and the practical importance of elaborating the digital terrain model (DTM). The second chapter – Purpose and Object – describes the purpose of the article to prosecute an inquiry which helps to choose the best modelling methods and their parameters for mastering the relief of complicated areas. The third chapter – Methods – analyses the possibilities and accuracy of DTM modelling by means of the Spline, Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) methods. The initial data were obtained by geodesic measurements accomplished using the Trimble 5800 GPS device. Measurements were made at the end of 2006 – beginning of 2007. During field measurements, 568 height points were measured. In the analysis, height points were used to evaluate the accuracy of measurements. For investigation, 99296 m2 (9.9296 ha) area of the Vilnius city (Antakalnis district, Šilėnai Street) was selected. The DTM was compiled with ESRI ArcGis software. The accuracy of DTM was evaluated using the Extraction package of the ESRI ArcGIS software.