Lietuvos agrarinio sektoriaus raidos tendencijos ir konkurencingumas ekonomikos internacionalizavimo sąlygomis

Abstract

Lietuvoje, kaip ir iki nepriklausomybės, išlieka stiprus agrarinis sektorius, bet jo vystymas susiduria su konkurencingumo didinimo pasauliniu mastu būtinybe, kas reikalauja iš agrarinio sektoriaus įmonių nuolatinių pastangų modifikuoti gamybą, atrasti naujas rinkas ir gaminti konkurencingą žemės ūkio produkciją, turinčią paklausą pasaulinėje rinkoje. Taip pat vis didesnį poveikį Lietuvos agrarinei politikai daro darbo jėgos kaimo vietovėse panaudojimas ir užimtumo užtikrinimas vis mažėjančios sukūriamos žemės ūkyje pridėtinės vertės dalies kontekste. Be objektyvių veiksnių vis didesnį poveikį agrarinės politikos formavimui turi kai kurių valstybių ekonominių svertų naudojimas prieš konkurencingą Lietuvos, ES ir kitų šalių žemės ūkio produktų importą politiniais tikslais, kas pakankamai jautru yra tiems žemės ūkio produktams, kurių realizavimo ir suvartojimo laikotarpis yra santykinai trumpas.[...].

Lithuania’s agrarian sector has remained as strong as before the independence, however its development is facing the necessity to enhance its global competitiveness, which calls for continuous efforts by agricultural entities to upgrade production, find new markets, and produce competitive agricultural products, which would be in demand across the globe. Furthermore, the Lithuanian agrarian policy is increasingly affected by the use of labour force and employment issues in rural areas in the context of the declining share of added value in the agriculture sector. In addition to the objective factors, the agri-policy- making is getting ever more affected by economic levers against imports of competitive agricultural products from Lithuania, the EU and other countries, used by some countries for political purposes. This is a considerably sensitive issue, as the products in question have relatively short sales and consumption period. The established export structure of the agricultural products of the Lithuanian origin shows the traditional domination of milk and dairy products, cereals, meat and meat products. By country-export partner, most of the exported agricultural products of the Lithuanian origin go to the EU area. As regards the third countries (non EU countries), export rates of the mentioned products have been the highest to Russia (milk and meat and their products), as well as Iran and Saudi Arabia (cereals). The identification of the structure of agricultural products of the Lithuanian origin enables the search of exports enhancement opportunities and market diversification trends. Based on the analysis and identified challenges for the agrarian policy, this article comes to the conclusion that Lithuanian’s agricultural entities have not made adequate efforts towards such potential and therefore prospective export destinations, as the U.S., China and Japan, which, considering the structure of imports from the EU, should be ready to welcome Lithuanian dairy products, meat, cereal preparations, as well as alcoholic beverages. The export structure of Lithuanian origin agricultural products to Russia should also be subject to re-evaluation. The relatively short period of sales and consumption of prevailing export products – milk and meat and their products now make the export structure sensitive to the politically motivated restriction on export opportunities in Russia. These products may possibly be re-directed, finding new markets and niches for them in China and Japan.