Karinių poligonų dirvožemio pažeidimų ir taršos tyrimai bei elektrokinetinio metodo taikymo galimybės

Abstract

Military grounds are territories with specific purpose. Various kinds of military installations, ammunitions and explosives are used in such areas. Because of these reasons, soil in military grounds is very often polluted with heavy metals and oil products; because of continuous damages, made to the top soil, vegetation is very scarce, in some spots missing – sandy wastelands are formed. Explosions, performed in military grounds, can be characterized by both thermal and chemical effect (soil pollution with such compounds, like lead, zinc, copper etc). Not only soils in military grounds and surrounding areas can be polluted because of military activities, but surface water bodies and groundwater as well. Aiming on determination and estimation of the level of pollution and disturbance of superficial layer of soil in military grounds, it is essential to do comprehensive research on physical (explosions and other mechanical effects) and chemical (pollution with heavy metals) effects on soil, caused by militaryactivities, and to evaluate potential danger of pollutants spread and groundwater pollution. It is important to foreseen changes of soil damage and pollution depending on impact strength, type and intensity of military action, performed in specific area, and to evaluate pollution dispersion in deeper layers of soil, relying on investigation results and long-term prognosis. It is necessary to apply and elaborate effective methods for cleaning of polluted soils from military grounds, to suggest means for damaged superficial layer restoration, and so to minimize the danger caused by soil damage and pollution. None single method can successfully clean different types of soil from different metals. And what is more, there are a lot of additional restrictions, related with efficiency, application possibilities and cost. It is important to choose relevant soil cleaning method for polluted soils of military grounds. Recent years the interest was growing in new technology of soil cleaning from heavy metals and radio-nucleons – electrokinetic soil cleaning method (electrokinetic remediation). The point of method is that metal ions become mobile in the electric field, and move towards electrode with opposite charge. If successfully remove the metals, concentrated near the electrodes (for example using natural zeolite), good cleaning efficiency may be reached. Furthermore, method can be used as in situ as ex situ.