| dc.description.abstract | DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF SPECIAL LUMINAIRE SYSTEMS Relevance of the research When Lithuania were joined into the European Community it has become necessary to use lighting devices corresponding to requirements of the European Community – ENEC norms. Taking into account the specificity of given devices in Lithuania and other new EU countries they should be steady against low temperatures, humidity, acts of vandalism, to be suitable for the illumination of industrial buildings and to fulfil the requirements of low prices of the new incorporated countries. Recently new comprehensive ENEC norms (EN European Norms, EC Electrical Certification) for luminaires were drawn up and effectively introduced by the European Union. As a result, the production of a wide range of electrical operating equipment was discontinued due to the inconsistency between technical parameters of produced equipment and new norms. Such equipments were not allowed to be marketed. Therefore it has become necessary to develop luminaires capable to fulfil the increased quality requirements of the European Union. Their development should also taken into account due to the targets of product responsibility (§ 22) laid down in the Act for Promoting Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management and Ensuring Environmentally Compatible Waste Disposal introduced in 1996 also should be taken into account extensively the aspects of ecological efficiency. In the past, plastic luminaire systems belonging to a higher protection class and protection class II were employed in selected areas of the application involving temperatures down to –50 °C. For example, in the cold storage logistics warehouses of the companies Aldi, Rewe and Iglo-Langnese, lamps of a power rating of 115 W and 140 W were applied. However, this approach suffered considerable disadvantages, because the lamps could be operated in connection with customised electric operating equipment resulted the increase of costs and smaller production batches only. Owing to the high system power rating, the produced heat was dissipated by means of a higher capacity cooling system. This in turn would increase the energy consumption. The high temperature was occurred at the glass bulb in the area of the electrodes of the 140 W lamps. Therefore it was necessary to use heat-resistant an industrial material - duroplast still named a connecting industrial material. Using phenol with fillers which is available only in dark colours, additional coating of the surface with light-coloured foodstuff-compatible paints must be done and this also increases the price. Even in usual luminaires with fluorescent lamps (L-lamps) when the temperature falls below 0 °C, the significant losses of light are shown. The comparison (Table 1) between a high nominal power rating 140 W fluorescent lamps with a system power rating higher by 100 W i.e. 60 %, than a low nominal power rating 58 W with low-loss ballast (VVG) was done and it was found that fluorescent lamps produce a luminous flux which is only higher by 38 % (3150 lm). Therefore the relation of light output (given quantity of a luminous flux) per electric power of a 58 W lamp by 33 % higher compared to a 140 W lamp. The reason for this phenomenon is the application of illuminants of fluorescent lamps. The new energy-saving tri-phosphorous lamps T8/26 mm and T5/16 mm could not be employed efficiently and reliably due to illuminants construction. It is known, that the temperature in Lithuania is several degrees lower compared to Western Europe and for lighting it is used much more electric power. Moreover using luminaires and fluorescent lamps in outdoor areas high illumination and power losses take place. The optimal illumination with smaller as possible energy consumption for industrial and transport objects is required. For the new countries of EU including Lithuania, lighting systems protected from vandalism are also important. Aim and objective of the research The object of the work is the development, research, manufacture and granting in the market of luminaire systems intended for damp and cold applications. As a luminous element a fluorescent lamp should be applied. However, light stream considerably decreases, power consumption increases when such unprotected lamps are used at low temperatures or increased humidity. Therefore it is necessary to improve luminaires under specified conditions and requirements of EU norms of waste products processing. For achievement of the formulated purposes it is necessary to solve the following tasks: By the creation of luminous system using purposeful strategy to carry out the requirement of suitability of a product to show how already at stages of development and manufacture technically long-term designs the suitability of a product should be is taken into account. By the Ecological aspect on new understanding of the concept of a product suitability determines whenever possible a harmless life of a product, that is beginning from the first idea and finishing a finished product. To guarantee the conformity of a product according to the law of waste disposal and requirements of the savings of resources and to guarantee a minimum quantity of waste products during manufacture and after delivery of a product to the market. To create the new systems of luminaires which fulfil the requirements of norms and consumers especially on damp and cold applications including the countries with a cold climate. There is an urgent requirement for developing reliable, long-life and energy-saving design engineering solutions. Here also the targets of an environment related product responsibility and integrated product policy (IPP) shall be taken into account. Methods of the research The analytical, empirical and experimental research methods are used in the work. The „Fast project Management System“ was used for development, designing, preparation of manufacture and performance on the market the system and it allowed to estimate ultimate goals of luminaires and to receive high rate of their development. The characteristics of luminaire systems were investigated by experimental research methods. Defended propositions 1. Developed special luminaire systems which are optimal for application in extreme conditions. 2. The created effective systems of special luminaires applicable at low and very low temperatures, characterized by low consumption of energy, suitable to secondary processing and low price. 3. New constructions of luminaires which are safe in operation, friendly to an environment and saving energy. 4. The system of development, designing, manufactures and represent in the new markets. Scientific novelty of the research Adapted to the creation of the luminaires under EU standards the fast projects management system has allowed the formulating the purposes and requirements of creation, designing, manufacture and strengthening in the markets; has allowed creating the new systems of luminaires intended for operation on low and especially low temperatures, at high humidity and at rather low price. New technical decisions of lighting systems are found. The received 8 Germany and 1 EU patents the novelty and originality confirm. Besides the developed system of luminaires has shown, as, precisely taking into account requirements of suitability of a product, new designs of a product and new productions on the basis of which economic, ecological and strategic benefits to the manufacturer are achieved in the market, are developed. Theoretical and practical results of the work At performance of the work there were obvious following aspects: In cold conditions of operation (in the countries with a cold climate, on the average and the East Europe, refrigerators and freezing chambers) it is possible to use the created luminaires with new energy saving luminous lamps of smaller power. It is shown, that above mentioned goal can be achieved using standard and undemanding to spare parts electric devices, such as ballasts and a starter. The analysis of materials was carried out and the opportunity of application easy, durable, determined wide application, and also processing of secondary materials and favourable to an environment suitability of application of thermoplastic materials has been established. Creating new lighting systems, the special attention on the suitability for manufacture of products from polymeric raw material has been inverted. The additional start system is developed for increase durability and reduction of the start time. On the basis of research the decision allowed the application of inexpensive and saving materials the created system of luminaires in a range of temperatures up to –20 °C is created. The created new high intensity, protected from a dust reflectors it is offered to use, in consequence of that lighting systems with the improved level of light have been created. Reflectors it is mounted in the impenetrable shell of the luminaire with special thermal isolation. In sense of suitability of a product, it causes smaller pollution, the big intervals of checkups and more effective use of a light stream. Approval of the research work and practical application of the results Substantive provisions and offers of the dissertation have been submitted and discussed at the international conferences and exhibitions in Germany, Switzerland, Republic of Southern Africa, Great Britain and France. The materials presented in the dissertation were also published on 5 reviewed scientific editions and 6 other editions. On a subject of works patents – 1 European Community and 8 Germany are received. Volume and structure of the research The dissertation consists of four main sections: introduction, detailed problem formulation, experiment design, discussion of results and conclusions. Volume of the dissertation is 141 pages. Conclusions and recommendations 1. Various constructive decis | ger |
