Elektros tinklų privatizacijos Bulgarijoje, Rumunijoje ir Lietuvoje palyginimas

Abstract

Straipsnyje, remiantis autorių neseniai atlikta studija, analizuojama, kaip buvo įvykdyta elektros skirstomųjų tinklų privatizacija Rumunijoje bei Bulgarijoje. Taip pat lyginama su prieš keletą metų Lietuvoje vykusiu panašiu procesu. Išryškinamos pagrindinės privatizacijos metu kylančios problemos ir analizuojama, kaip jos buvo sprendžiamos įvairiose šalyse. Aptariamos silpnosios ir stipriosios privatizacijos proceso pusės. Nagrinėjamas ir laikotarpis po privatizacijos bei jo keliamos problemos.

Usually, the main purpose of electricity distribution privatization is to attract private investments in order to increase the quality of electricity supply, reduce losses and to implement the best international management practices. The article deals with the analysis of the recent privatization of electricity distribution companies in Bulgaria and Romania versus that in Lithuania. The privatization of electricity distribution in Bulgaria was a success because of a thoroughly elaborated and balanced preparation for the process: assets of the distribution companies had been re-evaluated in advance, the distribution tariffs were increased, and a long-term regulatory policy was set. The process of privatization was transparent, and the Government showed a political will to go forward with it. Nevertheless some problems appeared after the privatization, e. g. an unexpectedly big share of distribution assets owned by non-distribution companies. Privatization of electricity distribution companies in Romania took a long time as for about two years negotiations were going on with only one investor. However, due to this prolonged process, clear rules and requirements for potential investors were set and the rest of the distribution companies were smoothly privatized.