Ecological assessment of agrotechnical measures in sandy light loam soils

Abstract

The structure of the study soil was seriously damaged by aggregate carriers. After three drives, soil density in tracks approached the limit value suitable for plant cultivation (1.6 g/cm3). The compaction level in the 16-cm surface soil layer increased 1.10–1.65 times. In deeper layers, its value quickly approached 1. As a result, the physical degradation and cultivation resistance of soil as well as energy input for soil cultivation increased. The environment was increasingly polluted with exhaust gases. Therefore, the ecological experimental technology of potato growing requires reducing the number of drives between the rows. Applying the common technology, the soil crumbling index reached 78.5% using the tractor T-25, and 82.9% using the tractor MTZ-82. Applying the experimental technology, these indices were 73.0% and 78.7% respectively. The potato plant mass grown applying the traditional technology and using the T-25 tractor (with narrower tyres) was by 30.2% larger than the plant mass grown using the MTZ-82 tractor (wider tyres). In the mulched soil with a lower compaction value, the potato plant mass was even by 46.1% larger.

Dėl to didėja dirvožemio fizinė degradacija, pasipriešinimas dirbimui ir energijos sąnaudos. Visa tai didina aplinkos taršą vidaus degimo variklių išmetamosiomis dujomis. Todėl, auginant bulves ekologiškai, pagal eksperimentinę technologiją, reikia kuo mažiau važinėti bulvių tarpueiliais. Įprastinės technologijos atveju dirbant T-25 traktoriais dirvos trupėjimo rodiklis yra 78,5%, o MTZ-82 traktoriais – 82,9%, eksperimentinėse technologijose atveju – atitinkamai 73,0 ir 78,7%. Lengvesnių traktorių siauresnės padangos tradicinėje technologijoje leido išauginti apie 30,2% didesnę kero masę. Mulčiuotoje dirvoje dėl tos priežasties kero masė padidėjo net 46,1%.