Thin glass processing using Bessel-type beams generated with spatially phase-shifted axicons

Abstract

During the last decade the zeroth order Bessel-Gauss laser beam has found many uses in the transparent material processing. The high aspect ratio channels can be created that slice through various thin transparent materials and increase the efficiency of cutting. However, the generation of high-quality Bessel-Gauss beam remains a challenge due to imperfection of glass axicon manufacturing, i.e. rounded tip, not smooth surface etc. These imperfections generate intensity modulation along propagation axis or even modify transversal central core intensity distribution, that results in worsening of micro-machining quality. The diffractive optical element (DOE) is a great alternative that do not suffer from previously mentioned problems. In this study we show the possibility of generating high quality Bessel-type beams with geometric phase optical elements (GPOEs) (manufactured by Workshop of Photonics). These elements act as precise flat DOEs that have very high diffraction efficiency (>90%), high optical damage threshold and can be freely customized for specific needs. Therefore, with the use of high-power laser they can be applied to process transparent materials. In this work, controllable phase shifts are implemented in axicon phase masks to create unique and fanciful Bessel-type beams as well as asymmetric core beams for thin glass modification/cutting application. Using numerical simulations and experimental data we compare performance of GPOEs and demonstrate thin glass processing using powerful laser with reshaped intensity distribution by GPOE.